Development of Curcuma Caesia Cultivation as a Leading Local Traditional Medicine Plant
https://pkm.uika-bogor.ac.id/index.php/pkm-p/article/view/1608
Development of Curcuma Caesia (Black Turmeric) Cultivation
as a Leading Local Traditional Medicine Plant
Development of Curcuma Caesia (Black Turmeric) Cultivation as a Local Superior Traditional Medicinal Plant which was carried out in Kekuyang Village, Ketol District, Central Aceh Regency. Our motivation for carrying out this activity, based on the search results, found a lack of understanding of community literacy regarding traditional medicinal plants that can be used as income, namely black turmeric, the minimum amount of fertilizer available, the number of farmers, the number of pesticides and the number of seeds also affect the productivity of black turmeric, in addition to land use which can be used as a location for the biodiversity of medicinal plants has not yet been found. It is hoped that the purpose of this service can provide community understanding regarding the mapping of the biodiversity of local superior traditional medicinal plants, provide public understanding of the benefits and efficacy of black turmeric as a traditional medicinal plant, then form conservation groups, carry out conservation by cultivating rare medicinal plants throughout the region so that the area has a branding as a center for the conservation of medicinal plant biodiversity and makes the conservation center a center for medicinal plant education with a conservation group as the main tutor as well as a center for the medicinal plant business. The implementation method is by way of roadmap mapping, carrying out the stages of activities starting from identifying needs, briefly describing the target audience, planning forms of intervention, establishing partnerships with parties outside the village, mapping success, and measuring and implementing the program. The results of the activity show that the great potential that Kekuyang Village has to expand black turmeric production is supported by the condition of the fertile area, the participation of farmers, and also the support of residents and village apparatus in this program which is very responsive and supported by Reje (village head) to advance the area by introducing all over the world and also accepting all forms of investment in potential agriculture.
This
Black Turmeric / Turmeric plant is very rare, but it contains many properties.
Black turmeric is one of the Zingiberaceae plant groups, which has the Latin
name Curcuma Caesia. The shape of black turmeric is the same as regular
turmeric but the rhizomes are dark black when they are ripe. Black turmeric
comes from India, where it is used as a traditional medicinal plant. But
unfortunately, this plant is rarely found. In Indonesia, the cultivation of
black turmeric plants is very small, even though this plant is highly sought
after, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. The content of this plant is
very diverse, such as containing curcumin, desmetoxicumin, and
bisdesmetolsicurcumin. Black turmeric also contains essential oils which are a combination
of sesquiterpene ketones, turmerone, tumeon 60%, zingiberen 25%, feladren,
sabinen, borneol, and sineil. Other ingredients such as low fat, low
carbohydrates, protein, starch, vitamin C and minerals. This content is very
good for health, especially during the healing period. Other names for this
black turmeric include cadvar in Turkey, black turmeric in England, black
hardy, black Curcuma, and many other names in every country. The stem of the
black turmeric plant is no different from other turmeric plants, namely, it has
a pseudo stem which is a collection of many leaf strands where the leaves can
be peeled off. The stem is between 33-55 cm long. The leaves of the black
turmeric plant are oval and elongated with a reddish color on the edges. The
color of the leaves is mostly bright green while on the reverse it has a pale
green color. Leaf stalks have a long ivory-white color. The flower color of the
turmeric plant is white with a purple flower tongue that sticks out. Turmeric
flowers are not easy to find because they rarely flower. A turmeric rhizome is
a place where there is a food supply in it. This turmeric rhizome has different
sizes from one depending on several determining factors forming the rhizome.
Black turmeric is quite popular as a traditional herbal medicine, especially in
its home country, India. In India, black turmeric is used as a remedy for
coughs and colds, pneumonia, fever, and asthma. In addition, turmeric is also
used as a migraine reliever by pounding it and attaching it to the forehead and
can overcome snake bites, and deadly insects such as centipedes and scorpions.
In Indonesia alone, the popularity the benefits of black turmeric are also
quite well known. Black turmeric is usually used as a herbal medicine to treat
stomach pain, increase appetite, increase stamina and overcome coughs. It is
also used as a blood purifier. Black turmeric is also used as a remedy for rashes,
ringworm, and scabies. Black turmeric can also help with itchy skin. This is
because the content in black turmeric is capable of being anti-inflammatory so
in addition to overcoming itchy skin, turmeric can also be used as an
anti-inflammatory on itchy skin. In some types of drugs that treat rashes, it
is not uncommon to contain turmeric extract, this is because turmeric has been
proven to be able to cure rashes. Sufferers of ulcer disease should not
hesitate to consume turmeric. This is because turmeric can suppress stomach
acid so that ulcers will not happen to you. Those are the benefits of black
turmeric that you can fully get by consuming black turmeric.
With
topographical conditions like this, it is very suitable for black turmeric
cultivation where turmeric plants can grow well in areas that have full or
moderate light intensity so that these plants live very well in open places or
little shade. The best growth is achieved in areas that have rainfall of
1000-4000 mm/year. When planted in areas with rainfall < 1000 mm/year, the
irrigation system must be sufficient and well managed. This plant can be
cultivated throughout the year. The best growth is in the early rainy season
planting. The optimum air temperature for this plant is between 19-30 oC.
Turmeric grows well in the lowlands (from <240 m asl) to the highlands (>
2000 m asl). Optimum production + 12 tons/ha is achieved at an altitude of 45 m
above sea level. To these problems, in Kekuyang Village there is still a lack
of public understanding of traditional medicinal plants that can be used as a
promising income. Lack of understanding of the monoculture system / intercropping
so that the cultivation of this plant is minimal.
LITERATURE REVIEW
a.
Definition of Cultivation
Plant
cultivation is one or several techniques in the business of breeding or
developing a type of plant in certain ways. According to Sunjian According to
Sunjian, cultivation is agricultural development carried out by the community
individually or in groups to achieve results that meet basic human needs. According
to Chairun Hanum According to Chairun Hanum, cultivation is a process in which
food and other agro-industrial products are made using plant resources and
horticultural crops, food crops, and plants produced as objects of cultivation.
Based on PP RI No. 18 of 2010 According to PP RI No. 18 of 2010, cultivation is
the development and use of vegetable natural resources by humans using capital,
technology, or other resources to produce products in the form of goods to meet
human needs.
b. Definition of Curcuma Caesea (Black Turmeric)
Turmeric is a medicinal plant in the form of a shrub and is annual (perennial) and is spread in the tropics. Turmeric plants thrive and are wild around forests or former gardens. It is thought to have originated from Binar at an altitude of 1,300-1,600 m above sea level, some say that turmeric comes from India. The word Curcuma comes from the Arabic Kurkum and Greek Karkom (Anonymous, 2010). Turmeric is spread almost throughout Indonesia and is known by the names of their respective regions: turmeric (Aceh), hunik (Batak), koneng (Sunda), turmeric (Java), Konye (Madura), cahang (Dayak), huni (Bima), awahulu (Gorontola), kandefaifu (Irian) (Permatasari, 2011).
There
are various health benefits of black turmeric, including:
1.
Counteract free radicals
Black
turmeric contains antioxidants that are quite high. Antioxidants are important
compounds needed to protect body cells from damage caused by exposure to free radicals,
such as cigarette smoke, pollution, and vehicle exhaust. By consuming foods
that contain antioxidants, you can be better protected from heart and liver
disease.
Black turmeric extract is believed to act as an analgesic. When processed in the right way, black turmeric is useful for relieving pain from toothaches and sprains and can reduce fever.
3. Reducing the risk of infection
As
with yellow and white turmeric, black turmeric also has antibacterial and
antifungal properties. This makes black turmeric can be used to inhibit the
growth of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans fungi,
which can cause infections in the body.
4.Helps prevent inflammation
Consumption
of black turmeric is believed to be able to help the body prevent inflammation
or inflammation. However, you still need to balance it with a healthy diet,
because a poor diet can also trigger inflammation.
5. Reducing the risk of getting cancer
Cancer
can occur when cells in the body experience abnormal growth, which is caused by
genetic changes or mutations in cells. A study shows that black turmeric
extract has antimutagenic compounds that can prevent cancer from occurring in
the body.
c. Conservation
Conservation is defined as an effort to manage natural resources wisely based on the principle of preservation. Natural resources are biological elements consisting of vegetable natural resources (plants) and animal natural resources (stwa) with non-biological elements around them which as a whole form an ecosystem. (KEHATI, Meru Betiri National Flora and Fauna Inventory Inventory Course material, Malang, 2000: 8) According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary. Conservation of Biological Natural Resources is the management of natural resources (biological) by using them wisely and ensuring the continuity of supply while maintaining and increasing the quality of the value of their diversity. (Department of National Education, Big Indonesian Dictionary, Third Edition, Balai Pustaka, print 3, Jakarta 2005: 589) This understanding is also stated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia concerning the Conservation of Living Natural Resources and their Ecosystems Article 1 Number 5 of 1990. Conservation benefits are realized by:
i.
The preservation of natural conditions and the environment means that
conservation efforts are carried out by maintaining that conservation area are
not damaged.
ii.
The avoidance of disasters due to changes in nature, which means disturbances
to flora and fauna and their ecosystems in particular and natural resources in
general cause changes in the form of damage or a decrease in the quantity and
quality of these natural resources.
iii.
Avoiding living things from extinction means that if disturbances that cause a
decrease in the number and quality of living things are left without any
control measures, these living things will lead to extinction or even
extinction.
iv.
Being able to achieve environmental balance both micro and macro means that in
an ecosystem there is a close relationship between living things and their
environment.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Potency
The
results of the implementation during the activity, the development of black
turmeric seedlings showed good development potential for growth in the Kekuyang
Village location, Ketol District, but several seeds experienced rot due to
excess water during the initial planting yesterday. It takes time and patience
to grow these black turmeric seeds because good potential development can be
seen in 3 to 4 months. The second phase of the visit was only 1 month away, so
not all of the new shoots appeared in the development of the seedlings. The
enthusiasm of the farmers is very large, they are happy with activities like
this and hope that they will be carried out on an ongoing basis. Moreover, the
arrival of these students helped them to increase their literacy in
understanding black turmeric plants, and how to market them.
Target initial conditions,
At
first, the farmers did not know of the black turmeric plant, most of the
farmers in Kekuyang Village planted coffee, nutmeg, candlenut, areca nut, red
ginger, red chilies, green chilies, and cayenne pepper in collaboration with
the toke or collectors of their crops. only after the socialization of the
Ormawa PPK activities did they know about this black turmeric plant. With
enthusiasm, the farmers in Kekuyang Village want to work together to plant
black turmeric with careful planning starting from the planting process,
availability of seeds, tools, and fertilizers as well as marketing that has
been planned in collaboration with local stakeholders from both the related
Office, Community Organizations and Apparatus Local government.
Activity Process
The
implementation of the Ormawa PPK program is planned in two stages. Phase I will
be held on July 25, 2022. At this stage the activities carried out are:
•
preparing agricultural equipment materials,
•
clearing the site/cropland,
•
drying the black turmeric seeds and soaking them in onion water to provide
nutrition to the seeds for half a day,
•
mix the soil with manure,
•
insert soil media into small polybags and
•
arranged in a place that has been provided for the nursery.
Phase
II will be held on September 5, 2022. At this stage the activities carried out
are:
• prepare
the required agricultural equipment materials,
•
re-cleaning the location/cropland,
•
checking seedlings that have the potential to grow,
•
separate seeds contaminated with pests
•
adding manure to potential seedlings
Seeing the potential of the area in Kekuyang Village, Ketol District, Central Aceh Regency which has a topographical location of the land is a highland with an altitude of 900. Mdpl Village area 44,000 HA With topographical conditions like this it is very suitable for black turmeric cultivation where turmeric plants can grow well in areas that have light intensity full or medium, so this plant is very good living in open places or a little shade. The Kekuyang area has a rainfall of 1000-4000 mm/year. When planted in areas with rainfall < 1000 mm/year, the irrigation system must be sufficient and well managed. This plant can be cultivated throughout the year. The best growth is in the early rainy season planting. The optimum air temperature for this plant is between 19-30 oC. Turmeric grows well in the lowlands (from <240 m asl) to the highlands (> 2000 m asl). Optimum production + 12 tons/ha is achieved at an altitude of 45 m above sea level. with the support of these conditions to grow black turmeric is very large and has the potential to be produced every year. Therefore, the continuation of the PPK Ormawa program can help Kekuyang Village farmers to improve their economy and wide-open welfare. Future planning can be carried out by establishing a biodiversity conservation area for rare medicinal plants, cultivating rare medicinal plants by the designation of a conservation area, and introducing (branding) the location as a center for medicinal plant conservation, education center, and center for community-based medicinal plant business development, forming conservation groups medicinal plants, the establishment of herbal medicine cafes.
CONCLUSION
The
potential of the Kekuyang area is very large because the location where we
carry out this activity is included a forest area, the soil conditions are
fertile and the rainfall is of moderate intensity and the air temperature
ranges from 19-30 oC. Turmeric grows well in the lowlands (from <240 m asl)
to the highlands (> 2000 m asl). Optimum production + 12 tons/ha is achieved
at an altitude of 45 m above sea level. Based on these conditions, the purpose
of this activity is to have the potential to develop the cultivation of Curcuma
cease (black turmeric) as a local superior traditional medicinal plant with the
achievement of indicators which can be explained as follows:
1.
Mapping the potential for the biodiversity of medicinal plants that did not
exist before is now available with an achievement rate of 40%
2. Biodiversity potential maps that previously did not exist now
exist with an achievement rate of 40%
3. Biodiversity conservation areas for rare medicinal plants that did not previously exist now have an achievement level of 20%.
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